U.S. President Donald Trump has called for the Panama Canal to be returned to U.S. control, citing what he described as exorbitant fees imposed by Panama and concerns over potential Chinese influence on the crucial waterway. Trump made the statements on his Truth Social platform late Saturday, just weeks before his anticipated second term as U.S. president.
‘Ridiculous Fees’ and U.S. Generosity
“The fees being charged by Panama are ridiculous, especially given the extraordinary generosity the U.S. has shown to Panama,” Trump declared. Referring to the tolls as a “complete rip-off,” he vowed to put an end to the situation immediately.
Trump further described the canal as a “vital national asset” for the U.S., emphasizing its importance for commerce and national security. He also warned against allowing the canal to fall into the “wrong hands,” a veiled reference to China’s growing influence in the region.
Historical Context: U.S.-Panama Relations and the Canal’s Control
The Panama Canal, completed by the U.S. in 1914, remains a key shipping route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The U.S. relinquished full control of the 51-mile canal to Panama in 1999 under the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which had been negotiated in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter. The treaties included provisions allowing the U.S. to defend the canal’s neutrality.
Today, the canal is administered by the Panama Canal Authority. The U.S. is its largest customer, accounting for about 75% of the cargo passing through annually, with China as the second-largest user. A Hong Kong-based Chinese company also operates two of the five ports adjacent to the canal, one on each end.
Drought-Driven Challenges
Severe drought conditions have severely impacted the canal’s operations. From October 2023 to September 2024, the number of ships transiting the canal dropped by 29%, falling from 14,080 vessels the previous fiscal year to 9,944. The disruption has added to global supply chain pressures, according to U.S. National Economic Council Director Lael Brainard.
Rising Geopolitical Tensions
Trump’s remarks reflect a likely shift in U.S. diplomacy, especially regarding China. In his post, Trump asserted that the canal “was not given for the benefit of others,” warning that if Panama failed to adhere to what he described as the moral and legal principles of the treaties, the U.S. would demand the canal’s return.
“This is not China’s to manage,” Trump said, adding that the canal must remain aligned with U.S. and Panamanian interests. “To the officials of Panama, please be guided accordingly!”
Potential Competitor: Nicaragua’s Canal Proposal
Adding to the complexities, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega recently announced plans for a new interoceanic canal, spanning 276.5 miles (445 km). Ortega pitched the project to Chinese investors at a regional summit, citing frustrations with Panama’s waterway. The proposal rekindles an idea dating back to 1854 when the U.S. first considered constructing a canal through Nicaragua.
Panama’s Response Pending
An official from Panama’s government acknowledged Trump’s statements and promised a formal response in the coming days. Meanwhile, the geopolitical implications of Trump’s rhetoric and the competition posed by Nicaragua’s canal proposal underscore growing tensions in Central America’s strategic waterways.
