Inside El Salvador’s Harsh Mega-Prison: What Happens to Trump’s Deported Immigrants?

El Salvador’s Mega-Prison: What to Know After Trump Sent Hundreds of Immigrants There

El Salvador’s controversial mega-prison, a symbol of President Nayib Bukele’s harsh anti-crime policies, has now become a tool in U.S. President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown. On Sunday, hundreds of immigrants—alleged by the U.S. to be members of the Venezuelan Tren de Aragua gang—were transferred to the facility under a $6 million agreement between the two governments.

What is the CECOT?

The Terrorism Confinement Center (CECOT) was built at Bukele’s direction as part of his aggressive crackdown on gangs. Opened in 2023, the prison is located in Tecoluca, about 72 kilometers (45 miles) east of El Salvador’s capital.

CECOT is a massive facility with eight pavilions, capable of holding up to 40,000 inmates. Each cell is designed to fit between 65 to 70 prisoners. Unlike traditional prisons, CECOT does not allow visitations, outdoor recreation, or educational programs.

Prisoners at CECOT are not prepared for reintegration into society. Occasionally, a select few inmates—who have gained trust from prison officials—deliver motivational talks, with prisoners sitting in rows outside their cells or performing supervised exercises.

Bukele’s justice minister has stated that inmates at CECOT will never return to their communities. The prison’s amenities, including dining halls, break rooms, and a gym, are reserved exclusively for the guards.

How Many Prisoners Does El Salvador Hold?

The Salvadoran government does not frequently update incarceration figures. However, the human rights organization Cristosal reported that as of March 2024, El Salvador held approximately 110,000 people behind bars—more than double the 36,000 inmates recorded in April 2021 before Bukele intensified his anti-gang efforts.

Cristosal and other advocacy groups have raised concerns about human rights abuses. Reports indicate that at least 261 people have died in El Salvador’s prisons since the gang crackdown began. Allegations of abuse, torture, and lack of medical care have also been cited.

Government-released videos have shown CECOT prisoners in boxer shorts, forced to march in formation and sit shoulder-to-shoulder in overcrowded areas. Cells reportedly lack adequate bunks, leaving many inmates to sleep on the floor.

Why Were Immigrants Sent to CECOT?

The transfer of these immigrants to CECOT follows Trump’s invocation of the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, a law historically used only three times. The act grants the president extraordinary powers to detain or remove foreigners under wartime conditions. Trump argued that the Tren de Aragua gang was invading the U.S., justifying the deportations under wartime authority.

Tren de Aragua, a criminal organization that originated in Venezuela’s lawless prison system, expanded as millions of Venezuelans fled economic collapse. However, the Trump administration has not provided evidence that the deported migrants are actual gang members or that they committed crimes in the U.S.

El Salvador’s government released a video showing the immigrants arriving at an airport, escorted by officers in riot gear. Shackled at the hands and ankles, they were seen struggling to walk as officers forced them to bend at the waist. The footage later showed them being transported in a heavily guarded convoy to CECOT, where they were shaved, dressed in the prison’s all-white uniform, and placed into cells.

The Bigger Picture

El Salvador’s tough-on-crime approach has drawn both praise and criticism. While Bukele’s policies have significantly reduced gang-related violence, human rights organizations warn of potential abuses, mass incarcerations without due process, and inhumane prison conditions.

Trump’s decision to deport immigrants to CECOT raises further ethical and legal concerns. Critics argue that using such a facility for immigration enforcement—without clear evidence of criminal activity—sets a dangerous precedent. As the situation unfolds, the global community will be watching closely to see how both administrations handle the consequences of this unprecedented move.