The disagreement within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has persisted for nearly three years, according to Reuters, exposing competing views about how an international scientific institution should balance rigorous assessment, equitable participation and the practical needs of governments making climate-policy decisions.

The dispute concerns the publication timetable for the three Working Group contributions to the IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report, known as AR7. These assessments examine the physical science of climate change, its impacts and adaptation, and options for mitigating further warming.

The immediate question is whether all three reports can be approved by September 2028, as proposed by the Working Group co-chairs, or whether the second and third reports should move into 2029. These are reported competing positions, not an adopted schedule.

The stakes extend beyond a publication date. The reports are intended to provide governments with a comprehensive assessment of climate science. Their timing could influence the evidence available during the second Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement, a process scheduled to conclude in November 2028.

But the scheduling dispute also raises a question about scientific independence: how can the IPCC deliver policy-relevant evidence when governments disagree over the time needed to produce it?

What the IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Will Cover

The IPCC does not conduct original climate research. Instead, it assesses existing scientific, technical and socioeconomic literature to establish the state of knowledge about climate change, its consequences and possible responses.

Its assessments are produced by international teams of experts and undergo extensive review. Governments participate in the institution’s procedures, including the development of report outlines and the formal consideration of reports. The IPCC describes its work as policy-relevant but policy-neutral: it supplies evidence for decision-makers rather than prescribing particular government policies.

The seventh assessment cycle formally began in July 2023. At its 60th plenary session in Istanbul in January 2024, the Panel agreed on the programme of scientific work for the cycle. Governments subsequently agreed on the outlines of the three Working Group contributions at the 62nd plenary session in Hangzhou in February 2025.

The three reports address distinct but connected questions.

Working Group I examines the physical science basis of climate change, including changes in the climate system and the evidence underlying projections of future warming.

Working Group II assesses climate-change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. Its work examines how climate risks affect people and natural systems and how societies can respond.

Working Group III assesses options for mitigating climate change, including approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The assessment cycle will also produce a Synthesis Report that integrates the Working Group findings with the cycle’s Special Report on Climate Change and Cities. The IPCC’s published schedule identifies late 2029 as the target for the Synthesis Report.

That distinction matters when discussing the deadline dispute. The proposed September 2028 date concerns the approval of the three Working Group reports, not the completion of the entire assessment cycle or the publication of its Synthesis Report.

Why Scientific Review Takes Time

An IPCC assessment is not simply a collection of published studies or a summary written by a small editorial team.

The process begins with scoping and the preparation of a report outline. Author teams then assess the relevant scientific literature, develop draft chapters and submit their work to successive review stages.

The first draft is reviewed by experts. Authors then prepare a second draft that takes review comments into account, alongside an initial draft of the Summary for Policymakers. Both are subjected to further expert and government review.

After that stage, author teams prepare final drafts and governments provide another round of written comments on the Summary for Policymakers. The relevant Working Group or Panel then formally considers the report under the IPCC’s approval, acceptance or adoption procedures.

These stages are central to the institution’s credibility. They allow experts to challenge incomplete assessments, identify relevant research and scrutinize the balance of the evidence.

Review Editors have a specific role in ensuring that substantive comments receive appropriate consideration and that genuine differences in scientific perspectives are reflected in the final work. The IPCC also publishes review comments and author responses after the process is completed.

A compressed timetable could place pressure on author teams, reviewers and government representatives who must examine complex material across three major assessments.

However, the available evidence does not establish that the proposed 2028 schedule would necessarily compromise scientific quality. That question requires examination of the actual work plans, remaining milestones, review windows and the assessments’ workload.

Likewise, allowing more time would not automatically guarantee better science. The editorial question is whether the competing schedules provide a workable balance between completeness, review and timely publication.

Why Developing-Country Participation Is Central to the Dispute

The disagreement is also about who can participate meaningfully in the production of global climate assessments.

Reuters reported that countries including India, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Russia and China were pressing for more time. Their stated concerns include whether scientists in less-resourced countries have sufficient time and capacity to contribute to the process.

The problem described is practical as well as institutional. Researchers may have limited opportunities to publish new findings in time for assessment, or to take time away from their regular employment for IPCC work that is not paid by the organization.

A timetable that assumes all researchers have comparable resources and flexibility could make participation more difficult for scientists working in institutions with fewer resources.

The IPCC says its author-selection process considers scientific expertise, geographical representation, gender balance and representation from developing countries and economies in transition. It also relies on volunteer contributions from scientists and experts.

Those commitments, however, do not by themselves establish whether the current timetable provides sufficient opportunities for participation. That requires evidence about the workload, review periods, author representation and practical constraints affecting the teams preparing the reports.

Reuters reported that slightly more than half of the lead authors and editors selected for the next assessment were from developing economies or economies in transition. That figure is relevant to representation, but representation among selected experts is not the same as demonstrating that all participants have sufficient resources to complete the work.

The distinction should remain central to the debate. A scientifically credible assessment needs rigorous review, but its legitimacy also depends on whether the process can draw on expertise from across the world.

The Case for Completing the Reports Before the 2028 Climate Talks

Governments that support an earlier timetable argue that updated assessments should be available when countries make consequential climate-policy decisions.

The second Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement is scheduled to conclude at the UN climate negotiations in November 2028. The UNFCCC says the process will examine collective progress toward the Paris Agreement’s goals and inform countries as they strengthen climate action and international cooperation.

That makes the timing of the IPCC reports relevant, even though the two processes have different mandates.

The IPCC assesses the scientific evidence. The Global Stocktake is an intergovernmental process that evaluates collective progress under the Paris Agreement and considers the implications for climate action.

If the Working Group reports are completed before the stocktake concludes, their findings could inform the discussions. If publication moves into 2029, the reports would not be available in their completed form for the conclusion of that process.

The consequences should not be overstated. The absence of a new IPCC assessment would not mean that governments had no climate evidence available. They would still have existing assessments, scientific publications and other sources of information.

The narrower concern is that policymakers could have to conduct the stocktake without the completed findings of the next comprehensive IPCC assessment cycle.

Reuters reported that supporters of the earlier timetable fear negotiators would otherwise have to rely on assessments published in 2021 and 2022. Researchers interviewed by the news agency argued that a new assessment would be valuable because scientific understanding and the policy context continue to develop.

The original documentary basis for the competing schedules, including the proposed work plans, still needs to be examined to determine precisely what could be delivered by the respective deadlines.

The Case for More Time

Those seeking a longer timetable argue that the value of an assessment depends on the integrity of the process, not solely on whether it meets an international negotiating deadline.

The reports must assess large bodies of scientific literature, consider review comments, reconcile the presentation of evidence and complete the relevant approval procedures. These are substantial tasks involving authors, reviewers, technical support teams and government representatives.

A schedule that leaves insufficient time for these stages could make it harder to deliver a comprehensive assessment or provide meaningful opportunities for participation.

There is also a broader institutional concern. The IPCC’s role is to provide governments with a rigorous assessment of scientific knowledge, not to produce findings according to a political calendar at the expense of its established procedures.

Reuters reported that Russia’s economy ministry objected to framing the dispute as a confrontation with oil-producing countries. The ministry argued that synchronizing the assessment cycle with UN negotiations could raise questions about the IPCC’s independence and risk advancing a predetermined climate-policy agenda.

That argument is distinct from the question of whether the proposed schedule is technically achievable. It concerns the principles that should govern the institution’s work.

An assessment’s policy relevance is not the same as political direction of its conclusions. Governments can reasonably want scientific evidence to arrive in time for negotiations while also insisting that the timetable must not determine the findings.

The evidence reviewed so far does not establish that either an earlier or later schedule would necessarily produce a more politically independent assessment. Resolving that question requires the actual proposals, the reasoning behind them and the procedural options available to the Panel.

Political Accusations Require Evidence

The scheduling dispute has generated accusations that some governments are using procedural arguments to delay climate action.

Reuters reported that some supporters of the 2028 timetable accused major oil-producing countries of seeking to avoid additional pressure to reduce emissions. It also reported that Russian officials rejected the characterization and that representatives from India and China questioned the idea that the value of the IPCC’s work should be measured primarily by its contribution to the 2028 negotiations.

These competing positions should not be collapsed into a single explanation for the deadlock.

A government’s position on a deadline can be documented through official statements, meeting records and proposed schedules. Its underlying political motive is a separate matter that requires additional evidence.

The fact that a country produces fossil fuels does not establish that its position on an assessment timetable is intended to obstruct climate action. Conversely, a stated concern about inclusivity does not by itself demonstrate that a proposed delay is necessary.

A sound assessment of the dispute would examine whether the positions are supported by concrete procedural concerns: the time required for review, the readiness of author teams, the volume of material to be assessed and the availability of researchers from less-resourced countries.

It would also examine whether governments have proposed practical alternatives, such as adjustments to individual report schedules or measures to support broader participation.

Without that evidence, claims about deliberate obstruction should remain attributed allegations rather than established findings.

What the Dispute Means for the IPCC

The scheduling disagreement exposes a structural tension in international scientific assessment.

The IPCC is both a scientific assessment institution and an intergovernmental body. Scientists assess the available evidence, while member governments participate in the institution’s procedures and formally consider its reports.

That arrangement gives the assessments their distinctive international standing, but it also means that agreement over the work programme must be reached among governments with different priorities and capacities.

The institution must preserve scientific independence while remaining useful to decision-makers. It must also provide a credible process for researchers working under very different institutional conditions.

Those objectives are not inherently incompatible. The challenge is to establish a schedule that allows the scientific work to be completed properly without unnecessarily separating its findings from the decisions they are intended to inform.

The IPCC’s published procedures provide a framework for review and approval. What remains to be established is how the competing timetables measure up against the workload and participation requirements of the current assessment cycle.

The Decision That Remains to Be Verified

The next decisive development is the outcome of the IPCC plenary scheduled to begin in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on October 12, according to Reuters. The meeting is expected to address the disputed publication timetable.

As of October 11, 2026, the outcome remains unverified. The final article must therefore not describe either schedule as adopted or claim that the dispute has been resolved.

The official meeting record should establish whether governments agreed on a timetable, modified the Working Group co-chairs’ proposal, deferred the decision or left some deadlines unresolved.

Any decision should also be assessed against the distinction between the three Working Group reports and the later Synthesis Report. The IPCC’s current published documentation identifies late 2029 as the target for the latter.

The wider significance will depend on the substance of the agreement, if one is reached: whether it protects the necessary review stages, addresses participation concerns and gives policymakers a clear understanding of when the completed assessments will be available.

For the IPCC, the goal is not simply to publish before a particular summit. It is to produce an authoritative assessment that governments can use with confidence.

The central test is whether governments can agree on a timetable that protects scientific rigor and inclusive participation while delivering the evidence when it can still inform international climate decisions.

Reporting Credit: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Reuters, reporting by Kate Abnett and Sudarshan Varadhan.

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The Data Behind the Transition Debate

According to the International Energy Agency, global energy demand continues to grow, with fossil fuels still accounting for a majority of supply despite rapid expansion in renewables. Data shows that while renewable capacity additions reached record levels in recent years, emissions reductions remain uneven across regions.

Scientists contributing to assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say that limiting global warming to internationally agreed thresholds requires a substantial reduction in fossil fuel use over the coming decades. However, projections vary depending on policy implementation and technological deployment.

Regional Priorities in Latin America

Colombia and several Latin American countries are advocating for a “just transition” framework that considers economic dependence on fossil fuel exports. Official figures indicate that hydrocarbons contribute significantly to fiscal revenues in countries such as Colombia, complicating efforts to rapidly phase down production.

President Petro has called for international financial mechanisms to support diversification, arguing that without external support, developing economies face structural constraints. Government representatives at the conference stressed that timelines for transition must reflect national circumstances.

Policy Implications and Financing Gaps

Delegates are expected to discuss carbon markets, climate financing, and multilateral support mechanisms. According to climate policy analysts, current funding levels fall short of estimated requirements for large-scale energy system transformation in emerging economies.

Institutions such as the United Nations Environment Programme have reported that adaptation and mitigation financing gaps persist, particularly in regions vulnerable to climate impacts. Data suggests that public and private investment remains concentrated in advanced economies.

Scientific Context and Projections

Model projections reviewed in recent climate assessments indicate that global emissions must decline sharply by mid-century to meet international targets. However, these projections depend on assumptions about policy enforcement, technological innovation, and behavioral changes.

Researchers note that uncertainties remain around the pace of renewable deployment, carbon capture scalability, and geopolitical factors affecting energy markets. As a result, scientists emphasize that multiple transition pathways exist, each with different economic and environmental outcomes.

What Remains Uncertain

Key uncertainties include the availability of transition financing, the political feasibility of rapid fossil fuel phase-outs, and the role of emerging technologies. Analysts also point to potential divergences between developed and developing countries over responsibility and timelines.

The outcome of the Santa Marta conference is expected to inform future international climate negotiations, though no binding agreements are anticipated at this stage.

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The post U.S. Heat Dome Expands After Record March Temperatures Across 14 States appeared first on Journos News - Breaking News, World News, Top Stories, Todays Headlines and Flash Reports.

The Data Behind the Heat Event

Preliminary data from roughly 400 weather stations indicate that about a quarter of March heat records could be tied or broken during this event. These figures are based on Associated Press analysis of regional climate datasets, though final verification from the National Weather Service is pending.

In California and Arizona, daily temperatures have surpassed 38°C, significantly above typical March highs, which are generally at least 17°C lower. In Palm Springs, temperatures reached 42°C, exceeding the previous March record of 40°C set in 1966.

Regional Impact Across the United States

The most intense heat is concentrated in the western and southwestern United States, particularly in desert regions accustomed to high summer temperatures. However, current readings show these levels arriving weeks earlier than usual.

Other regions, including parts of the Midwest and Northwest, are also experiencing elevated temperatures. In states such as Oklahoma, Nebraska, northern Texas and South Dakota, temperatures are reaching at least 11°C above the 1991–2020 March average.

While triple-digit temperatures draw attention, data indicates that even 32°C conditions in typically cooler regions can have significant impacts, particularly where infrastructure and populations are less adapted to early-season heat.

Scientific Context and Climate Attribution

A rapid attribution analysis by World Weather Attribution, a group of international climate scientists, found that such an extreme March heat event would be “virtually impossible” without human-driven climate change. The analysis links the intensity of the event to greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use, including carbon dioxide.

Attribution studies typically combine observational data with climate models to assess how human-induced warming influences the likelihood and severity of extreme weather. While such analyses are widely used in climate science, they carry uncertainties related to model assumptions and regional variability.

Forecast Outlook and Seasonal Trends

Forecasts from the National Weather Service indicate that the heat will persist in the near term, with additional record-breaking temperatures expected across multiple states. Analysis of forecast data suggests that up to 70 locations in 15 states could exceed historical March temperature records in the coming days.

Longer-term projections indicate a higher probability of above-normal temperatures across most of the United States between April and June. The Southwest — including Arizona, Nevada, Utah and New Mexico — is expected to experience the strongest likelihood of sustained heat.

Policy and Infrastructure Implications

Early-season heat events present challenges for energy systems, water management and public health planning. Higher-than-average spring temperatures can increase electricity demand for cooling and place stress on water resources in already arid regions.

While no single heat event can be attributed solely to climate change, scientists note that rising global temperatures are increasing the frequency and intensity of such extremes. Policymakers are increasingly incorporating these trends into climate adaptation strategies, particularly in regions prone to heat stress.

What Remains Uncertain

Final temperature records require verification by official agencies, and some preliminary readings may be adjusted. Additionally, while attribution studies identify strong links between climate change and extreme heat, they do not eliminate natural variability as a contributing factor.

Seasonal forecasts also carry uncertainty, particularly at regional scales. While models indicate a high likelihood of above-average temperatures, localized conditions may differ due to atmospheric patterns.

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The Data Behind the Flood Event

According to the U.S. National Weather Service, parts of Oahu received between 8 and 12 inches (20–30 cm) of rain in a single night, with the island’s highest peak recording nearly 16 inches (40 cm) over 24 hours. These totals followed earlier rainfall earlier in the month, further saturating the ground and increasing runoff risk.

Meteorological authorities attributed the rainfall to “Kona low” storm systems, which bring moisture from the south and southwest. Scientists say such systems can produce intense rainfall events, particularly when atmospheric conditions favor prolonged moisture accumulation.

Evacuations and Emergency Response

Local officials ordered evacuations downstream of the Wahiawa dam, which authorities described as “at risk of imminent failure.” Honolulu officials said emergency sirens were activated and rescue operations were launched, including air and water searches for stranded residents.

Honolulu Mayor Rick Blangiardi said there were reports of extensive property damage, though a full assessment remained difficult due to ongoing flooding. The Hawaii National Guard was deployed to assist with evacuations, including airlifting people from a youth camp isolated by floodwaters.

Emergency shelters were also impacted, with at least one facility evacuated due to rising water levels. Officials said approximately 5,500 residents were under evacuation orders during the peak of the event.

Regional Impact Across Hawaii

On Maui, authorities issued evacuation advisories for neighborhoods near Lahaina after retention basins approached capacity. Crews were reportedly redirecting and pumping water to manage levels.

The Lahaina area remains highly sensitive to flooding risks following the 2023 wildfires, which altered land stability and drainage patterns. Officials said the latest flooding added pressure to already stressed infrastructure systems.

Dam Safety and Infrastructure Concerns

The Wahiawa dam, built in 1906, is classified by state officials as having “high hazard potential,” meaning a failure could result in significant loss of life. The dam has a documented history, including a collapse in 1921, and has been under scrutiny for modernization needs.

The state has identified the dam as requiring upgrades, with cost estimates exceeding $20 million. Ownership transfer from Dole Food Company to the state is ongoing, and authorities have issued warnings about necessary improvements since at least 2009.

Dole has said the dam is operating as designed and shows no current signs of damage. However, officials maintain that extreme rainfall increases risk levels, particularly for aging infrastructure.

Scientific Context and Climate Signals

Scientists and meteorological agencies have observed that heavy rainfall events in Hawaii have become more intense in recent years. According to climate research referenced by experts, warmer air can hold more moisture, which may contribute to heavier precipitation during storm systems.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reported with high confidence that extreme precipitation events are increasing in many regions as global temperatures rise. However, attribution of any single event to climate change remains probabilistic rather than deterministic.

In this case, experts note that while the storm system itself is a natural meteorological event, its intensity may align with broader trends identified in climate models.

What Remains Uncertain

Officials have not yet confirmed the final extent of property damage, and no fatalities have been reported as of the latest updates. The stability of the Wahiawa dam remains under monitoring, with authorities emphasizing that risk assessments can change rapidly with ongoing rainfall.

Meteorologists also note uncertainty in forecasting localized rainfall totals, especially in complex island terrain. Further precipitation could exacerbate flooding conditions and strain already saturated ground systems.

Policy and Infrastructure Implications

The flooding raises broader questions about infrastructure resilience in regions exposed to extreme weather. Hawaii regulates more than 130 dams, many of which were built for historical agricultural use and may require modernization.

Infrastructure experts have long warned that aging dams, combined with increased rainfall variability, present elevated risk profiles. The situation underscores ongoing challenges in balancing legacy infrastructure with evolving environmental conditions.

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Published Time: 08-19-2025, 17:05

The United States has experienced record heat this summer, yet temperature changes are far from uniform. Scientists identify a “warming hole” in certain regions where summer temperatures remain unusually moderate, revealing a complex climate pattern influenced by rainfall, land use, and oceanic conditions.

The U.S. Summer Heating Trend

Across the contiguous United States, summer temperatures are on the rise. June 2025 saw unprecedented heatwaves affecting nearly a third of the population, followed by little relief in July. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), summers in the Lower 48 are now approximately 1.6°F warmer on average than in 1896.

Summer showcases one of the most direct effects of climate change: hotter, longer, and more humid conditions. Yet, averages conceal a fractured reality—some regions experience dramatic warming, while others, particularly in the central and southeastern U.S., have seen limited temperature increases or even slight cooling.

What Scientists Call the “Summer Warming Hole”

Researchers have long noted this anomaly, often referred to as a summertime “warming hole.” Joseph Barsugli, a climate researcher at the University of Colorado at Boulder, explains:
“There are not too many places on the planet that are showing this, honestly. It’s pretty unique.”

The 2023 U.S. National Climate Assessment also highlights this trend, noting that some areas east of the Rockies have recorded decreasing summer temperatures, though warming trends have begun to emerge in the Southeast. This contrasts with the broader global pattern where land areas warm faster than oceans, as seen in Europe.

Causes Behind the Cooling Pattern

Scientists have proposed multiple explanations for the warming hole, often linked to regional rainfall and land use. In the Midwest, increased corn cultivation contributes to cooling through transpiration—a process sometimes called “corn sweat.” Jonathan Winter, a Dartmouth University professor, notes this effect has benefited crop yields.

Reforestation in the Southeast has also played a role. As forests regrew on abandoned farmland, they drew water from the soil and released it as moisture into the atmosphere, increasing humidity and moderating summer temperatures. Mallory Barnes from Indiana University observes:
“Reforestation cools off big areas, not just small areas.”

Historical factors such as the extreme summer temperatures of the 1930s Dust Bowl further complicate trends, making recent summer changes appear less pronounced compared with that era.

Rainfall and Atmospheric Influences

Recent studies, including a 2023 Journal of Climate paper, emphasize the cooling effect of rainfall. Afternoon showers and cloud cover limit daytime temperature increases, while nighttime temperatures rise as expected. Zachary Labe, a climate scientist with Climate Central, explains:
“More rain or cloudier conditions have limited daytime temperatures from rising across a large part of the region.”

Oceanic conditions also play a role. Patterns in the Pacific Ocean, such as the positive phase of the Pacific North America (PNA) pattern, influence rainfall and temperature distribution across the U.S., contributing to cooler eastern summers and warmer conditions in the West. Gerald Meehl of the National Center for Atmospheric Research confirms that sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific are linked to the formation of the warming hole.

Regional Variations and Trends

The warming hole is most evident in central and southern states, including Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Historical cooling in the 1960s and 1970s has moderated, though temperatures have not consistently exceeded earlier 20th-century highs. In Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, summer temperatures still reflect this anomaly.

It’s important to note that limited summer warming does not imply a lack of overall annual warming. Summer represents just one-quarter of the year, and other seasons continue to show pronounced temperature increases.

Political and Social Observations

The warming hole tends to affect regions that predominantly vote Republican, though research indicates that local temperature patterns have minimal impact on political beliefs. James Druckman, a political scientist at the University of Rochester, notes:
“I don’t think they’re having a substantial impact on what people think. They might at the margin.”

Nevertheless, the anomaly has drawn attention from some climate critics, including Alabama State Climatologist John Christy, who co-authored a report questioning exaggerated projections of regional warming. Climate scientists caution that these variations are temporary and influenced by local factors like rainfall.

Future Outlook

Barsugli emphasizes that the warming hole may not persist indefinitely:
“If you do have a very dry year, it probably means you’ll break records in maximum temperatures. It’s sort of a latent threat.”

Winter adds that the tug-of-war between rainfall and rising temperatures may eventually dissipate, resulting in summer temperatures more consistent with broader U.S. warming trends. The warming hole illustrates the complex interplay between land use, precipitation, and atmospheric patterns that shape the summer climate Americans experience.

Source: CNN – The strange divide in how Americans experience summer temperatures

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Published Time: 08-11-2025, 15:00

The summer of 2025 has proven to be the muggiest on record for more than 70 million Americans living east of the Rocky Mountains, marking a significant shift in the region’s climate patterns. Recent data analysis by the Associated Press highlights an alarming rise in humidity levels, linked to ongoing climate change. This increase in moisture has brought not only discomfort but also health concerns, especially as nighttime temperatures remain unusually warm, limiting relief from the heat.

Unprecedented Humidity Levels Across 27 States and Washington, D.C.

According to data from the Copernicus Climate Service analyzed by the AP, parts of 27 states along with Washington, D.C., experienced a record number of days in June and July with average daily dew points at or above 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Meteorologists define dew point as the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture, and it is considered the most reliable measure of humidity. Dew points at or above 65 degrees indicate conditions many find uncomfortable, especially during the warmer months.

Even more striking, during peak hours, dew points often soared to nearly tropical levels. Cities such as Philadelphia recorded 29 days, Washington D.C. 27 days, and Baltimore 24 days with peak dew points reaching 75 degrees or higher—values described by the National Weather Service’s Tampa office as “oppressive.”

Rising Dew Points Signal Increasing Heat Stress

The AP’s calculations reveal that dew points this summer averaged at least six degrees Fahrenheit higher than the 1951–2020 historical norms in major cities including Washington, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Columbus, and St. Louis. Overall, the average dew point for the entire eastern half of the country surpassed 66 degrees this summer — the highest since records began in 1950.

“This has been a very muggy summer. The humid heat has been way up,” said Bernadette Woods Placky, chief meteorologist at Climate Central. The combination of heat and humidity is particularly taxing on health, intensifying the effects of high temperatures.

Extreme Humidity Days Becoming More Frequent and Widespread

Cameron Lee, a climate scientist and humidity specialist at Kent State University, noted that he personally recorded dew points as high as 82 degrees at his Ohio weather station twice this summer—levels that exceed typical meteorological charts.

“Not only are average humidity levels rising, but extreme humid days are becoming more frequent and cover more geographic areas,” Lee said. He emphasized that these super sticky days, once rare, now occur repeatedly each summer, impacting daily life for many Americans.

The Impact of Sticky Nights on Health and Comfort

Humidity’s influence is especially pronounced during nighttime. High moisture levels prevent air temperatures from cooling down after sunset, leading to dangerously warm overnight lows. According to Zack Taylor, forecast operations chief at the National Weather Service’s Weather Prediction Center, numerous cities have set records for highest minimum temperatures this summer.

Raleigh, Charlotte, Nashville, Virginia Beach, and Wilmington broke overnight heat records, while New York City, Columbus, Atlanta, Richmond, Knoxville, and Concord came close to doing so. “What really impacts the body is that nighttime temperature,” Taylor said. “Without adequate cooling at night, the body cannot recover from daytime heat, increasing health risks, especially for those without air conditioning or cooling centers.”

Climate Change’s Role in Amplifying Humidity and Heat

Meteorologists and climate experts agree that the rising humidity is partly due to climate change driven by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The eastern U.S. has seen an average increase of approximately 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit in summer dew points since 1950, according to the AP’s analysis of Copernicus data.

Historically, the eastern half of the country had average dew points in the low 60s during the summer—considered noticeable but generally comfortable. However, in four of the past six years, the average dew point has hovered at or above 65 degrees, crossing into uncomfortable territory.

Lee remarked on the significance of this trend: “This is a massive increase over a relatively short period of time.” Small rises in average dew points translate into more frequent extreme humidity days, which have tangible effects on public health and comfort.

The Science Behind Rising Humidity and Heat

The relationship between heat and humidity follows a fundamental principle of physics: the atmosphere can hold approximately 4% more water vapor for every degree Fahrenheit the temperature increases (or 7% for every degree Celsius). This feedback loop means warmer air leads to higher humidity, which in turn amplifies the perception and impact of heat.

Throughout much of the summer, high-pressure systems entrenched over the Midwest and Eastern U.S. drove temperatures upward, while persistent, above-average rainfall added moisture to the atmosphere. The absence of strong cold fronts that typically relieve heat waves prolonged these sticky conditions until August brought some respite.

Shifting Humidity Patterns Across the U.S.

While humidity has traditionally been concentrated in the southern states, experts note that uncomfortable dew points are now increasingly common further north. University of Georgia meteorology professor Marshall Shepherd explained, “Summers now are not your grandparents’ summers.” The movement of muggy conditions into northern regions poses new challenges for residents less acclimated to high humidity.

Preparing for a More Humid Future

With climate change continuing to push dew points higher, residents, urban planners, and health officials across the eastern U.S. are urged to prepare for hotter, stickier summers. The combination of rising heat and humidity increases the risk of heat-related illnesses and strains infrastructure and energy systems.

Public awareness and access to cooling resources remain critical as the frequency of oppressive summer days grows. Understanding the role of dew point as a key humidity metric can help communities better communicate heat risks and improve response strategies.

Source: AP News – Feel sticky this summer? That’s because it’s been record muggy East of the Rockies

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Rhone Glacier, Switzerland — The once-mighty rivers of ice carving through Switzerland’s Alps are melting fast, and the evidence is both striking and sobering. From new crevasses and collapsing ice shelves to entire villages at risk, Switzerland’s glaciers are sending a clear message: the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat — it’s here.

Glaciologist Matthias Huss calls glaciers “the ambassadors of climate change,” and standing atop the sun-soaked Rhone Glacier — which feeds the famous river flowing through Switzerland and France — it’s easy to see why. As the ice slushes and drips beneath his feet, Huss drills deep into the glacier to track how fast it’s disappearing. The answer? Too fast.

A Race Against the Melt

Switzerland is home to roughly 1,400 glaciers, making it the glacier capital of continental Europe. These icy reservoirs provide more than scenic beauty — they supply drinking water, irrigate crops (including the vineyards of France), and fuel hydroelectric plants that power most of the country.

But climate change has already claimed an estimated 1,000 smaller glaciers, and the larger ones are not far behind. In some areas, scientists are turning to extreme methods like wrapping glaciers in giant thermal blankets in a desperate attempt to slow the melt.

“We’re seeing things we didn’t even expect,” said Huss, who leads the GLAMOS glacier monitoring group at ETH Zurich. One alarming trend? Glaciers are now melting not just from the top — due to sun and warm air — but also from below, as wind and air currents hollow out the ice from within. “Some of these air channels are carving out massive cavities beneath the surface,” he explained. “When the roof collapses, it’s dangerous and unpredictable.”

Climate Change You Can See

Glaciers are often romanticized — picture-postcard symbols of alpine beauty. But Huss says that makes them powerful messengers. “People know glaciers from holidays, from memories,” he said. “They’re beautiful, but now they’re vanishing — and that makes climate change more real for people.”

The bigger picture is even more troubling. Scientists estimate that up to two-thirds of the world’s glaciers could vanish by the end of the century unless carbon emissions are drastically reduced.

Huss is clear: the only way to save the glaciers is to cut CO2 emissions. “Blankets and drills might buy us time,” he said, “but the real solution is emissions reduction. Everyone has a role to play.”

When Glaciers Turn Dangerous

That urgency became all too real in May, when the Swiss mountain village of Blatten was nearly wiped out by a massive landslide. The culprit? A rare advancing glacier.

Unlike most of its retreating cousins, the Birch Glacier had been rapidly surging forward. Just before the collapse, it was moving at about 10 meters — over 30 feet — per day. Huss called that speed “completely unsustainable.”

Although villagers had been evacuated ahead of time, the slide destroyed dozens of buildings, leaving only a few rooftops visible. Data later showed that rocks had piled up on the advancing glacier, triggering the deadly slide. Huss said this combination of advancing ice and external pressure created a perfect storm — one no one predicted.

“Three weeks ago, nobody could have imagined the entire village would be gone,” he said. “That’s the biggest lesson: the unexpected can — and will — happen. And we need to be ready.”

The Takeaway: It’s Time to Act

From breathtaking beauty to catastrophic collapse, Switzerland’s glaciers are at a tipping point — and they’re making it harder to ignore the urgency of climate change.

“These glaciers won’t be saved overnight,” said Huss, “but the choices we make now will determine whether they’re around for future generations. We can still act — and we must.”

Source: AP News – Photos show Swiss glaciers’ uncertain future as ‘ambassadors of climate change’

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In a groundbreaking deep-sea discovery, scientists have identified three new species of sea spiders that appear to survive by feeding on methane-fueled bacteria—marking the first time this bizarre diet has ever been observed in sea spiders.

The creatures, part of the Sericosura genus, were found crawling near methane seeps off the U.S. West Coast, thousands of feet below the surface. At those depths, sunlight doesn’t reach, and life relies on chemical energy instead. Here, bacteria thrive by consuming methane bubbling up from beneath the seafloor—methane that is also a potent greenhouse gas. These bacteria, scientists believe, have formed a mutually beneficial partnership with the newly discovered sea spiders.

The Sea Spider’s Unusual Diet

Rather than hunting or trapping prey, these translucent, 1-centimeter-long sea spiders may “farm” bacteria directly from their own bodies. According to lead researcher Shana Goffredi, a biology professor at Occidental College, the bacteria colonize the spiders’ exoskeletons. In turn, the spiders appear to graze on these microbes for nourishment.

“Just like you would eat eggs for breakfast, the sea spider grazes the surface of its body, and it munches all those bacteria for nutrition,” Goffredi said. This behavior is strikingly different from other sea spider species, which typically use fang-like appendages to suck fluids from jellyfish and other soft-bodied prey.

Lab analysis revealed the Sericosura spiders lack those predatory tools, which supports the idea that they rely entirely on their symbiotic bacteria for food.

Symbiosis With a Planet-Saving Twist

Marine microbes that feed on methane don’t just help the spiders—they may also play a bigger environmental role. Goffredi and her team suggest that this spider-bacteria relationship could help prevent methane from reaching Earth’s atmosphere, where it would contribute to global warming.

“Even though they’re small, these animals have a big impact in that environment,” she said. “We can’t ever hope to sustainably use the oceans if we don’t really understand the oceans.”

Nicole Dubilier, a marine biologist and symbiosis expert at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, who was not involved in the study, called the spider-bacteria partnership a “Goldilocks zone” for both creatures. “Even if 80% of the bacterial population gets eaten, it’s worth it for the 20% to survive and reproduce,” she said.

This kind of symbiosis is rare but not entirely unheard of. Other deep-sea creatures like tube worms and sponges have similar methane-based diets. But this is the first time sea spiders have been found doing it.

A Meal That Starts at Birth

The study also uncovered something remarkable about how the spiders pass on their methane-powered lifestyle.

Because these sea spiders are so tiny, many of their organs are crammed into their legs. Females lay eggs from their “kneecaps,” and males scoop them up into bundles that dangle like bracelets from their limbs. After hatching, researchers observed bacteria transferring from the father spiders to the newborns—giving the baby spiders an instant food source.

This kind of microbiome inheritance, Goffredi said, could help scientists better understand how beneficial bacteria—such as those in the human gut—are passed from parent to offspring.

A Fragile, Hidden World

The three new species were found in separate locations off Southern California and Alaska, suggesting they’re highly localized to specific deep-sea habitats. That detail carries a warning.

“People tend to think of the deep sea as a kind of homogeneous ecosystem, but that’s actually untrue,” Goffredi said. “There’s a lot of biodiversity by region. If you disturb one area—like through deep-sea mining—you might be destroying a habitat that doesn’t exist anywhere else.”

As scientists continue to explore the ocean floor, they’re likely to uncover even more strange and specialized life forms like the methane-powered Sericosura. But these discoveries are also a reminder: even the smallest and strangest creatures may hold big secrets—and play vital roles in keeping our planet in balance.

Source: CNN – First methane-powered sea spiders found crawling on the ocean floor

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The past decade was the hottest ever recorded, with 2023 marking the warmest year in history, according to the United Nations’ latest State of the Climate report. The findings reveal that carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere have reached their highest point in 800,000 years, fueling an increasingly unstable climate.

Rising Temperatures and Climate Alarms

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) report highlights alarming trends:

• The top 10 hottest years on record have all occurred within the last decade.
• Global sea levels are rising as glaciers and ice sheets retreat at record speeds.
• Ocean temperatures are at their highest ever recorded levels.
• Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe.

“Our planet is issuing more distress signals,” said United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres. He emphasized that while limiting global warming to 1.5°C (2.8°F) above pre-industrial levels is still possible, decisive action is needed. “Leaders must step up to make it happen — seizing the benefits of cheap, clean renewables for their people and economies,” he urged.

Human Activity and the Role of El Niño

The report attributes the ongoing climate crisis primarily to human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. It also notes that the naturally occurring El Niño weather phenomenon, which formed in June 2023 and lasted for a year, contributed to record-breaking temperatures. In 2024, the world surpassed the 1.5°C limit for the first time in a single year, though scientists measure breaches of this goal over longer periods.

Climate Change Driving Disasters and Displacement

The global heating crisis has triggered a surge in extreme weather events. The report states that 2024 alone witnessed at least 151 unprecedented climate-related disasters, leading to:

• Massive economic losses
• The highest levels of displacement in 16 years
• Worsening global food crises

“This is a wake-up call,” warned Celeste Saulo, WMO Secretary-General. “We are increasing risks to our lives, economies, and the planet.”

Political Roadblocks and Climate Commitments

The report’s warnings come amid political challenges, particularly in the United States, where President Donald Trump has rolled back climate commitments and cast doubt on climate science. The U.S. remains the world’s second-largest current polluter and the largest historical emitter of greenhouse gases. Some fear that weakened climate policies in the U.S. could lead other nations to lower their ambitions as well.

Brenda Ekwurzel, a climate scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists, pushed back against efforts to dismiss climate science. “The science is indisputable. Attempts to hide climate science from the public will not stop us from feeling the dire impacts of climate change.”

Ugandan climate activist Vanessa Nakate echoed the urgency, stating, “The longer we delay emissions cuts, the worse it will get. Phasing out fossil fuels is not a choice—it is an emergency response to a crisis unfolding before our eyes.”

The Path Forward

With the evidence of climate change clearer than ever, the UN urges governments and industries to take immediate action by:

• Rapidly reducing fossil fuel dependence
• Scaling up renewable energy investments
• Implementing stricter emissions regulations

As extreme weather events escalate and global temperatures continue to rise, experts agree that the time to act is now. Will world leaders rise to the challenge before it’s too late?

Source: AP News – Last decade was Earth’s hottest ever as CO2 levels reach an 800,000-year high, says UN report

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