The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which administers the World Trade Center Health Program, said Aug. 25 that the program is establishing a research cohort for people who were 21 years old or younger when they were exposed to 9/11.

The initiative is intended to address a significant gap in existing research. More than 1,500 scientific publications have examined health effects among people exposed to 9/11, but NIOSH said relatively little research has focused specifically on those who were exposed during childhood, adolescence, young adulthood or before birth.

Researchers focus on early-life exposure

The new research effort will examine people who were exposed while their mother was pregnant, in utero, or during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.

NIOSH said younger people may experience different health consequences from environmental exposure because their bodies are still developing. Children can also receive proportionally greater exposure relative to body size and may process and eliminate some harmful chemicals differently from adults.

Researchers have identified several areas for further study, including respiratory health and lung development, reproductive health, brain and mental health, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and cancer.

The new cohort will allow researchers to examine these questions over time rather than relying only on studies conducted shortly after the attacks.

Earlier studies found lasting health effects

Research conducted over the years has already identified health problems among people who were children when the World Trade Center was attacked.

A study of children enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry found that exposure to the dust cloud was associated with new asthma diagnoses. Researchers also reported respiratory symptoms among a substantial share of the children studied.

Another study of children who were 8 or younger on Sept. 11 found associations between World Trade Center exposure and the later development of asthma. Both direct exposure to the dust cloud and exposure to dust inside homes were associated with higher asthma risk.

Researchers have also found evidence that some environmental contaminants remained relevant long after the attacks. A study of adolescents exposed to the World Trade Center collapse found elevated levels of dioxins and furans more than 12 years after 9/11 compared with an unexposed comparison group.

The findings do not establish that every person exposed during childhood will develop a long-term illness. They demonstrate why researchers consider continued monitoring important.

Mental and physical health remain part of the research

The health questions extend beyond respiratory disease.

A study examining people directly exposed to 9/11 as children found that those with high exposure were more likely than an unexposed comparison group to report psychiatric disorders and physical health conditions later in life. The study also found a higher prevalence of combined physical and psychiatric conditions among the highly exposed group.

Researchers have separately reported increased hospitalization risks among people who were younger than 18 when exposed to the World Trade Center disaster. The findings supported continued long-term monitoring of people exposed during childhood.

These studies form part of the evidence base behind the federal government’s decision to expand research focused specifically on early-life exposure.

New cohort aims to close research gap

NIOSH said the new cohort is an important first step toward addressing the limited amount of research involving people exposed to 9/11 at young ages.

The World Trade Center Health Program has funded research into 9/11-related health effects since 2011. Its research has contributed to understanding illnesses affecting responders and community members, but the agency says much less is known about how exposure during key stages of development may affect health later in life.

The agency is inviting people who were 21 or younger at the time of their exposure, as well as others interested in the initiative, to receive information about the research effort. Details on participation will be provided as the program develops.

The new research will therefore focus not only on documenting illnesses already associated with 9/11 exposure, but also on determining how early-life exposure may influence health across the life course.

Reporting Credit: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the World Trade Center Health Program — official information on the new early-life exposure research cohort, research priorities and existing evidence on health effects among people exposed to 9/11 at young ages.

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International researchers warn that the growing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is contributing to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. A global review urges governments to implement policies, including taxes and warnings, to promote healthier diets, while acknowledging further research is needed to establish direct causal links.

Rising Global Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods

Ultra-processed foods are industrially manufactured products that contain multiple ingredients not typically found in home kitchens, including preservatives, emulsifiers, sweeteners, and colorings. Common examples include sausages, crisps, pastries, biscuits, instant soups, fizzy drinks, ice cream, and some supermarket breads.

Surveys indicate these foods are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, replacing fresh and minimally processed foods. Experts warn that this dietary shift contributes to poor nutrition, characterized by excessive sugar, unhealthy fats, and insufficient fiber and protein.

Evidence Linking UPFs to Health Risks

A global review published in The Lancet examined 104 long-term studies and involved 43 researchers from multiple countries. The analysis suggests a correlation between high consumption of ultra-processed foods and increased risk of 12 health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, depression, and premature mortality.

Professor Carlos Monteiro of the University of Sao Paulo, who developed the Nova food classification system, stated that UPFs are “reshaping diets worldwide, displacing fresh and minimally processed foods and meals.” He highlighted the influence of multinational corporations, which profit from UPFs and often lobby against public health measures aimed at promoting nutritious diets.

Calls for Stronger Public Health Measures

Co-author Dr Phillip Baker from the University of Sydney emphasized the need for coordinated global action, comparing the approach to successful strategies in combating tobacco-related health harms. Researchers recommend interventions such as public warnings, taxes on UPFs, and investments in healthier food options to mitigate potential health risks.

While the review stops short of establishing definitive causation, it argues that existing evidence is sufficient to justify policy measures to protect public health.

Scientific Debate and Need for Further Research

Some experts caution that the evidence does not prove direct harm from UPFs, noting that dietary patterns are influenced by multiple factors including lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and overall caloric intake. Professor Kevin McConway of the Open University emphasized that correlations observed in studies do not confirm cause-and-effect relationships.

Critics of the Nova classification system also argue that categorizing foods solely by processing level can overlook nutritional benefits. For example, wholegrain bread, certain cereals, low-fat yoghurts, baby formula, and fish fingers are classified as ultra-processed but contain valuable nutrients.

Professor Jules Griffin of the University of Aberdeen stressed the need for further research to understand both the beneficial and adverse effects of food processing on health.

Industry Perspective

The Food and Drink Federation (FDF), representing the UK food industry, maintains that ultra-processed foods can be part of a balanced diet. Kate Halliwell, chief scientific officer at the FDF, cited improvements in product formulation, including reductions in sugar and salt by around one-third since 2015. She noted that frozen vegetables and wholemeal bread, while processed, provide important dietary nutrients.

Policy Implications and Global Recommendations

UK authorities, including the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, have expressed concern over high UPF consumption but noted that it remains unclear whether adverse health outcomes are due to processing itself or high levels of sugar, salt, saturated fat, and calories in these foods. Current UK dietary guidance continues to encourage increased intake of fruit, vegetables, and fiber, alongside reductions in sugar, fat, and salt.

Researchers and public health experts argue that governments worldwide must take proactive steps to reduce UPF consumption, including educational campaigns, economic incentives, and regulatory measures, to promote long-term health and prevent chronic disease.

Source: BBC – Ultra-processed food is global health threat, experts warn

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Study Finds Major Drop in Peanut Allergies Among Young Children

The study, led by Dr. David Hill of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, analyzed electronic health records from dozens of pediatric practices to track food allergy trends before and after the introduction of the new guidance. “That’s a remarkable thing,” Hill said. “There are fewer kids with food allergy today than there would have been if we hadn’t implemented this public health effort.”

Researchers found that peanut allergies in children ages 0 to 3 dropped by more than 27% after the initial 2015 guidance for high-risk infants, and by more than 40% after broader recommendations were released in 2017. While overall food allergy rates in the U.S. continue to rise—now affecting about 8% of children—the data suggest that the peanut-specific trend has reversed course.

Background: How Early Feeding Became the New Norm

For decades, medical advice discouraged parents from feeding peanuts and other potential allergens to children before age 3. That changed after the 2015 Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) trial, led by Dr. Gideon Lack at King’s College London, found that introducing peanut-containing foods to infants as early as 4 months old reduced the likelihood of developing an allergy by over 80%. Follow-up research showed the protective effect persisted into adolescence for roughly 70% of children.

The LEAP trial revolutionized pediatric allergy prevention and prompted new guidelines from U.S. and U.K. health authorities recommending early exposure to peanuts for both high-risk and average-risk infants. The guidance was expanded in 2017 and updated again in 2021 to include all major food allergens such as dairy, soy, and eggs.

Slow Implementation Among Pediatricians

Despite the strong evidence, adoption of the early-feeding approach has been uneven. Surveys show that only about 29% of pediatricians and 65% of allergists follow the full 2017 guidelines. Many doctors and parents initially questioned whether introducing allergens so early could be done safely outside of controlled clinical trials.

“The data show encouraging progress, but implementation is still incomplete,” said Dr. Ruchi Gupta, a pediatric allergy specialist at Northwestern University, in a commentary accompanying the study. Gupta noted that the dataset may not fully represent all U.S. pediatric populations but nonetheless provides “promising evidence that early allergen introduction is not only being adopted but making a measurable impact.”

Public Health and Parental Education

Food allergy advocates say the findings are an encouraging sign of progress. “This research reinforces what we already know and underscores a meaningful opportunity to reduce the incidence and prevalence of peanut allergy nationwide,” said Sung Poblete, CEO of Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), a nonprofit that supports the 33 million Americans living with food allergies.

The updated 2021 guidelines recommend introducing peanuts and other allergenic foods between four and six months of age—without the need for prior screening tests. The approach, experts say, can help the immune system build tolerance safely through gradual exposure.

“It doesn’t have to be a lot of food,” Hill explained. “Small tastes of peanut butter, milk-based yogurt, soy products, or nut butters are good ways to help the immune system learn to tolerate these foods safely.”

From Skepticism to Acceptance: A Parent’s Experience

For many parents, the idea of feeding babies peanuts still feels counterintuitive. Tiffany Leon, a Maryland-based registered dietitian and FARE director, introduced peanuts and other allergens early to her sons, James and Cameron, following the updated recommendations. Initially, her own mother was alarmed by the shift in advice.

“At first, she was shocked,” Leon said. “But as a dietitian, I practice evidence-based recommendations. When I saw the science and the new guidelines, I knew this was the right approach.”

Leon says her experience reflects a growing awareness among parents that early allergen exposure can be both safe and beneficial. “It’s a big change from what we were told years ago, but it’s one that’s making a real difference for kids,” she added.

Why Early Feeding Matters

Peanut allergy occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies peanut proteins as threats, triggering symptoms that range from hives and breathing difficulties to potentially fatal anaphylaxis. In the United States, about 2% of children have a diagnosed peanut allergy—one of the most common and severe food allergies worldwide.

The success of early feeding in reducing peanut allergy risk has inspired similar research into preventing other common allergies. Scientists are studying whether early exposure to milk, eggs, and tree nuts could offer similar protective effects.

Global Health Implications

Experts say the U.S. experience offers valuable lessons for other countries facing rising allergy rates. The World Health Organization and national pediatric associations in Canada, the U.K., and Australia have adopted similar early-feeding guidance, though implementation remains inconsistent across regions and socioeconomic groups.

“This is one of the few clear examples of a population-level intervention changing the trajectory of a chronic condition,” Hill said. “It shows what’s possible when science, policy, and clinical practice align.”

Source: AP News – Advice to feed babies peanuts early and often helped 60,000 kids avoid allergies, study finds

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The incidence of colorectal cancer among younger adults is increasing worldwide, prompting concern among oncologists who are calling for stronger public awareness, earlier screening, and more research into potential environmental causes.

Rising Trend Among Younger Adults

Colorectal cancer — once considered a disease of older adults — is now being diagnosed more often in people under the age of 50. Studies reviewed by Harvard Medical School’s Dr. Kimmie Ng show that the rate of early-onset colorectal cancer has been rising by roughly 2% annually since the mid-1990s.

Dr. Ng, a gastrointestinal oncologist at Boston’s Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and founding director of its Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Center, said the trend is evident across both genders and regions. “It’s shocking to see perfectly healthy young people, with no family history, suddenly facing Stage 4 disease,” she told CNN’s Chasing Life podcast.

Globally, early-onset colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men under 50. By 2030, experts project it will surpass breast cancer as the top cancer killer in women under 50, according to data cited by Ng.

Understanding the Scale of the Problem

Although the number of younger patients remains relatively small compared with older adults, the increase has drawn attention from researchers and public health officials. Ng emphasized that, in absolute terms, such cases are “still relatively rare,” but the consistent rise suggests a worrying generational shift.

“Younger people face unique challenges,” Ng noted. “Many are raising children, supporting parents, or building their careers. A diagnosis at this stage of life has a massive emotional and social impact.”

Screening Recommendations and Gaps

Screening programs have significantly reduced colorectal cancer rates among older adults. However, those benefits have not extended to younger populations. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force lowered its recommended screening age from 50 to 45 in 2021 for people at average risk.

Ng said another reduction is unlikely in the near term due to practical and medical factors, including the relatively low incidence rate among very young adults, the cost of large-scale screening, and procedural risks such as bleeding or false positives.

Instead, Ng advocates for a more tailored approach: identifying individuals at higher risk — including those with family histories or genetic predispositions — and encouraging them to undergo earlier screening.

Recognizing Early Warning Signs

Awareness of symptoms is critical to early detection. Among younger patients, the most common sign is blood in the stool, particularly when it is mixed within the stool rather than appearing on tissue or in the bowl.

Other warning signs include unexplained weight loss, prolonged changes in bowel habits such as persistent diarrhea or constipation, thinner stool, abdominal pain, and fatigue that may indicate anemia.

Ng urged young adults to speak openly with healthcare providers about such symptoms, no matter how uncomfortable the conversation may be. “It’s vital to normalize discussions about bowel habits,” she said.

Environmental and Lifestyle Links

Researchers believe environmental and lifestyle factors may be driving the generational increase in colorectal cancer. “Each generation since 1950 faces higher risk,” Ng explained. “Someone born in 1990 now has over four times the risk of developing rectal cancer compared to someone born in 1950.”

The leading hypothesis links this trend to environmental exposures and modern lifestyles. Potential contributors include obesity, sedentary behavior, and diets high in processed meats, refined sugars, and sugary beverages.

However, Ng noted that many young patients do not fit this profile. “Some of them are marathon runners or eat organic diets — yet they’re still diagnosed. This means other environmental factors, such as microplastics or early-life exposure to toxins, could play a role,” she said.

Genetics and Family History

While genetics account for only a small portion of early-onset cancer cases, experts recommend that anyone diagnosed with cancer at a young age undergo genetic testing.

Inherited conditions such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis can increase the risk of developing colorectal and other cancers. “All young patients should receive familial genetic testing,” Ng said, emphasizing that family medical history remains a vital tool for early prevention.

Individuals with close relatives who have had colorectal cancer may need to begin screening earlier than the general population, which can be lifesaving.

The Psychological and Physical Toll on Young Patients

Younger patients often have the strength to tolerate intensive treatments like chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation. But despite their physical resilience, survival outcomes are not always better than those of older patients.

According to Ng, individuals under 35 tend to have poorer survival rates compared with older patients diagnosed with the same stage of cancer. Emotional strain, disruption to family life, and financial challenges compound the physical burden.

Advocating for Screening and Awareness

Experts continue to stress that screening saves lives. Ng reaffirmed the importance of adhering to recommended screening ages — 45 for average-risk individuals, and earlier for those with family histories.

She encouraged both physicians and patients to break the stigma surrounding gastrointestinal symptoms. “Doctors should routinely ask: ‘Are you seeing blood in your stool? Have you noticed changes in bowel habits?’ These questions could lead to earlier detection,” she said.

Ng also urged public health authorities to renew efforts to reach the national target of screening 80% of the population — a goal that remains unmet.

A Call to Action

The rise in early-onset colorectal cancer underscores the urgent need for awareness, research, and early testing. While the exact causes remain unclear, lifestyle, diet, environmental exposure, and genetics are all under scrutiny.

Health experts agree on one message: pay attention to your body. Recognizing early symptoms, maintaining regular check-ups, and seeking screening at the appropriate age can significantly reduce risk and save lives.

Source: CNN – More young people are getting early-onset colorectal cancer. 5 things to know

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Getting the shingles vaccine could do more than just protect you from a painful rash — it might also lower your risk of heart disease and stroke, according to a new study from South Korea.

Published in the European Heart Journal, this large-scale study of more than one million people found that people aged 50 and older who received the shingles vaccine had a 23% lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The benefits were particularly strong for younger individuals and men, with the greatest reductions seen up to eight years after vaccination.

How the Shingles Vaccine Works for Heart Health

Shingles, caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is well known for causing a painful rash. But the virus can also trigger inflammation in blood vessels, which can lead to blood clots and increase the risk of heart disease. Researchers believe that by preventing shingles with vaccination, the vaccine may also reduce this cardiovascular risk.

Hayeon Lee, a coauthor of the study and researcher at Lee Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, explained that shingles-related nerve damage could also disrupt the heart’s rhythm, potentially leading to irregular palpitations or even cardiac arrest.

Who Benefits Most from the Shingles Vaccine?

The study found that the shingles vaccine may be particularly effective for males, people under 60, and even those with unhealthy lifestyles, such as smokers or heavy drinkers. These groups saw a more significant reduction in heart disease risk after vaccination.

Lee emphasized that this research underscores the broader benefits of vaccination, saying, “Vaccines are not just shields against infections, but essential tools for maintaining long-term health.”

A Bigger Picture for Public Health

While the study provides strong evidence of the shingles vaccine’s protective effects, experts caution that more research is needed to confirm a direct causal link between vaccination and reduced heart disease risk. Dr. Sharon Curhan, an epidemiologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, noted that this study is the largest of its kind and offers compelling evidence for those considering the vaccine.

It’s also important to note that most adults have already been exposed to the VZV, even if they’ve never had chickenpox. According to the CDC, more than 99% of adults over 50 have had VZV exposure, which means many could benefit from the vaccine, even without a history of chickenpox.

Limitations of the Study

While the findings are promising, there are some important caveats. The study used the older live zoster vaccine, which is no longer available in most countries. This vaccine has since been replaced by Shingrix, a more effective two-dose vaccine. Dr. Pascal Geldsetzer, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford, emphasized the need for further studies comparing the effectiveness of different vaccine versions and how they affect overall health.

Additionally, because this research relies on a large database rather than a controlled clinical trial, certain variables, like diet and adherence to treatment, may not have been fully accounted for.

Shingles Vaccine’s Other Health Benefits

The shingles vaccine’s potential goes beyond heart disease. Other studies have shown its ability to reduce the risk of dementia by 20%. Research published in April by Dr. Geldsetzer and his team found that the vaccine may help protect the brain from inflammation caused by shingles-related nerve damage.

The shingles vaccine’s benefits seem to extend to other long-term conditions as well, suggesting it could be an important part of maintaining overall health as we age.

Moving Forward

While the study provides valuable insights into the heart-health benefits of the shingles vaccine, experts agree that more research is needed to confirm these findings across diverse populations. The next steps will likely involve randomized clinical trials to get a clearer picture of how the vaccine can be used to prevent both shingles and cardiovascular disease.

Source: CNN – Shingles vaccine reduces risk of heart disease by 23%, study of one million people finds

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A recent study has revealed that eating excessive amounts of ultraprocessed foods may significantly increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. The study, led by Dr. Xiang Gao from Fudan University in Shanghai, found that individuals consuming around a dozen servings of ultraprocessed foods daily could more than double their chances of experiencing early Parkinson’s symptoms.

What Counts as Ultraprocessing?

In this study, a “serving” of ultraprocessed food could include everyday items like an 8-ounce soda, a hot dog, a slice of packaged cake, or even just one ounce of potato chips—approximately a small bag. These foods are typically high in sugar, salt, unhealthy fats, and additives, while lacking in essential nutrients like fiber and protein.

Dr. Gao explained, “Our research shows that overconsumption of ultraprocessed foods, such as sugary sodas and packaged snacks, could be accelerating early signs of Parkinson’s disease.”

The Role of Diet in Brain Health

The study, which analyzed data from nearly 43,000 participants over 26 years, ties high consumption of ultraprocessed foods to an increase in early signs of Parkinson’s disease, although it didn’t directly track Parkinson’s diagnoses. Dr. Daniel van Wamelen, a clinical senior lecturer in neuroscience at King’s College London, noted that while the study didn’t confirm an official diagnosis of Parkinson’s, the presence of early symptoms signals a higher long-term risk.

Brain health, according to the study’s findings, might truly begin at the dinner table. The research underlines the importance of a balanced, whole-foods diet in maintaining not only physical health but also neurological well-being.

Early Signs of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease doesn’t show its hallmark symptoms—like tremors, stiffness, and slow movements—overnight. Early warning signs can appear years or even decades before motor function declines. These signs include body pain, constipation, changes in smell or sight, and excessive daytime sleepiness. An unusual sleep disorder, where people act out their dreams during the REM stage, is another key indicator.

According to the study, people who consumed about 11 servings of ultraprocessed foods daily were 2.5 times more likely to exhibit at least three early warning signs of Parkinson’s disease compared to those who consumed only three servings. Interestingly, the connection between ultraprocessed food consumption and early symptoms remained even after adjusting for factors like age, physical activity, and smoking.

Ultraprocessed Foods: A Threat to More Than Just Metabolism

Ultraprocessed foods, with their high sugar, salt, and fat content, disrupt the gut’s balance and can lead to inflammation, increased free radicals, and neuronal damage—all factors that may accelerate the neurodegenerative processes leading to Parkinson’s disease. This is further supported by an editorial co-authored by Dr. Nikolaos Scarmeas of Columbia University and dietitian Maria Maraki, which emphasizes that ultraprocessed foods are not only a risk for metabolic diseases but may also speed up neurodegenerative conditions.

The good news? The ocean of research is clear: prevention is within reach. By reducing the intake of ultraprocessed foods and focusing on a diet rich in whole, nutritious options, individuals can help preserve brain health and potentially slow or even avoid the onset of Parkinson’s disease.

What Can We Do to Prevent Parkinson’s Disease?

Dr. Gao’s research suggests that healthier dietary choices, alongside physical activity, can significantly slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease. In addition, protecting brain health through better nutrition may offer hope to reduce symptoms or delay the onset of the condition.

Dr. Gao further emphasized that eating less processed food and more whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, is a powerful strategy for maintaining brain health throughout life.

As the study points out, while Parkinson’s disease remains incurable, taking proactive steps today could lay the foundation for a healthier future, free from the debilitating effects of this neurological disease.

Source: CNN – Parkinson’s disease prevention may ‘begin at the dinner table’

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On March 23, 23andMe, the pioneer in at-home genetic testing, shocked the public by filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, signaling a potential sale of the company. With 15 million customers relying on the service, many are now left wondering: What happens to my genetic data?

As privacy advocates raise alarms, and even two state attorneys general urge Americans to delete their data, 23andMe insists that its bankruptcy proceedings will not affect how it handles user information. But with the company’s future uncertain, experts believe there’s a huge incentive for corporations and researchers to get their hands on the treasure trove of genetic data 23andMe has accumulated.

Genetic data provides more than just information about your ancestry—it can reveal a lot about your health, food preferences, and even traits passed down through generations. Despite growing privacy concerns, this data holds incredible potential for industries ranging from medical research to advertising.

“Genetic data is permanent and unique,” says Katie Hasson, associate director for the Center for Genetics and Society. “It could reveal information about people who don’t even exist yet, many years from now.”

As 23andMe seeks a buyer, one thing is clear: corporations, advertisers, and medical researchers are eager to access the wealth of information embedded in these DNA profiles.

The value of genetic data goes far beyond simple ancestry reports. Take, for example, how genetics can influence food preferences. Researchers have discovered hundreds of genetic variants tied to specific tastes, such as liking or disliking certain foods. Gideon Nave, an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, explains that genetic data could be more insightful than your shopping cart—especially since the items you buy may be for someone else.

“Genetic data can often tell us more about a person’s preferences than even their stated choices,” Nave says. “It’s a much deeper level of personalization for companies, especially when it comes to targeted advertising.”

Moreover, 23andMe’s health-related services offer subscribers insights into their genetic predispositions for certain diseases, like Type 2 diabetes or celiac disease. That’s where the real value lies for healthcare companies and researchers: using genetic data to better understand diseases, create personalized treatments, and improve diagnoses.

Healthcare professionals often rely on rules of thumb, tests, and symptom-checking to diagnose patients, but many conditions share similar symptoms. This is where combining genetic data with clinical information can make a difference, says Vasant Dhar, a professor of business and data science at NYU’s Stern School of Business.

“Doctors are following rules and doing tests, but a lot of diseases have similar symptoms,” Dhar explains. “Genetic data, combined with clinical information, could lead to more accurate diagnoses and better treatments.”

Healthcare research is poised to benefit greatly from genetic information, especially when it comes to developing tailored medical interventions. However, the potential for misuse also raises significant concerns.

While genetic data is highly valuable for research and healthcare, it also brings significant privacy risks. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) prohibits the use of genetic data in health insurance and employment decisions, but there are few regulations surrounding its use in other industries, like disability insurance.

Katie Hasson warns that genetic data could be exploited in ways that people aren’t even aware of. For example, genetic traits linked to health risks might be used for targeted advertising, potentially manipulating consumers based on information they don’t fully understand about themselves.

“There’s a darker side to this,” says Dhar. “With genetics, companies could know a lot more about you than you realize. That kind of personal information could be exploited in ways that aren’t fully transparent.”

23andMe’s potential sale wouldn’t be the first time a genetic testing company has been acquired. In 2020, private equity firm Blackstone acquired Ancestry.com. But there’s a key difference: genetic data doesn’t expire. Unlike traditional consumer data, genetic information can be useful for companies long into the future, even if it’s not immediately applied.

For instance, companies could use genetic data to shape future marketing strategies, develop new products, or even predict consumer behavior based on health traits.

However, as Nave points out, this also brings risks. “One of the dangers of genetic data is that it’s permanent. It doesn’t have an expiration date,” he says. “If companies ever use it for marketing, they could target consumers based on health traits they aren’t even aware of.”

As 23andMe enters this uncertain chapter, the future of its data—and its millions of users—remains in the balance. The company promises to continue selling its DNA test kits and offering subscriptions, but who will buy the company and what they will do with the data remains to be seen.

For now, the key takeaway is clear: genetic data is incredibly powerful, and it’s more than just a tool for tracing your family tree. It’s a valuable commodity with vast potential—and the companies that acquire it could hold your most personal information for years to come.

As the world of genetic data continues to evolve, privacy concerns are sure to rise. Whether consumers will have a say in how their information is used remains to be seen, but one thing is certain: the sale of 23andMe’s data will open up a whole new world of possibilities—and risks.

Source: CNN – 23andMe’s DNA data is going up for sale. Here’s why companies might want it

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Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery about Huntington’s disease, a fatal hereditary brain disorder. This research sheds new light on why the disease, caused by a known genetic mutation, remains dormant for decades before wreaking havoc on nerve cells in the brain.

The Mystery of Delayed Onset

Huntington’s disease is linked to a mutation in a specific gene. Despite being present from birth, the disorder typically doesn’t manifest until ages 30 to 50, leaving researchers puzzled.

A recent study reveals that the mutation is initially harmless but gradually worsens over time. As the mutation grows, it eventually reaches a critical threshold, producing toxic proteins that kill brain cells.

Dr. Mark Mehler, director of the Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, called the research a “landmark study,” stating it resolves long-standing questions in the field.

Symptoms and Progression

Huntington’s disease affects movement, cognition, and behavior, leading to symptoms such as:

• Involuntary movements
• Unsteady gait
• Personality changes
• Impaired judgment

The condition worsens over 10 to 25 years, eventually becoming fatal.

The Study: Key Findings

The research, conducted by scientists at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, analyzed brain tissue from 53 individuals with Huntington’s and 50 without it. The team focused on the gene mutation, which involves a repeated three-letter DNA sequence, CAG.

Key findings include:

1. Normal vs. Mutated DNA: In healthy individuals, the CAG sequence repeats 15–35 times. In Huntington’s patients, it repeats 40 or more times.
2. DNA Expansion Over Time: Mutated DNA expands slowly during childhood but accelerates as it grows past 80 repeats. At around 150 repeats, it becomes toxic, causing neurons to die.
3. Critical Threshold: The severity and onset age of Huntington’s are linked to the number of repeats. The longer the sequence, the earlier symptoms appear.

“These findings were really surprising, even to us,” said Steve McCarroll, co-senior author of the study published in Cell.

Challenges in the Field

Researchers noted initial skepticism from peers since previous studies suggested that expansions of 30–100 CAG repeats were necessary—but not sufficient—to cause Huntington’s. This study confirms that only expansions exceeding 150 CAGs lead to the disease.

Implications for Treatment

Huntington’s disease currently has no cure, and treatments focus on managing symptoms. Experimental drugs targeting the protein produced by the mutated gene have underperformed in trials, possibly because only a small number of cells produce the toxic protein at a time.

Researchers now believe targeting DNA repeat expansion may offer a better approach. Slowing or stopping these expansions could delay or prevent the disease.

“Many companies are starting or expanding programs to try to do this,” said McCarroll.

Hope for the Future

The discovery provides a roadmap for new therapies aimed at addressing the root cause of Huntington’s. While challenges remain, the findings mark a significant step forward in understanding and potentially treating this devastating disease, which affects an estimated 41,000 Americans.

Source

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A new study highlights how lifestyle choices and health factors at age 60 can significantly influence the risk of developing dementia by age 80. This research, based on over two decades of data from more than 45,000 older adults, offers valuable insights into early predictors of brain health.

Key Findings from the Study

The study, part of the Health and Retirement Study in the U.S., identified several factors tied to dementia risk:

1. Cognitive and General Health:
   • Low cognitive test scores and poor general health at age 60 were strong indicators of a higher likelihood of dementia later in life.
2. Protective Effects of Education:
   • Having a high school diploma significantly lowered the risk of dementia, emphasizing the protective role of education.
3. Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparities:
   • Living in Southern states was associated with a higher risk.
   • Black and Hispanic populations, often affected by limited healthcare access, were found to have higher rates of dementia. However, racial disparities diminished when education and income levels were factored in, suggesting socioeconomic influences play a critical role.
4. Lifestyle Factors:
   • Physical activity and engaging in mentally stimulating hobbies were linked to a reduced risk.
   • Conversely, sedentary lifestyles, minimal mental engagement, and excessive alcohol use increased the likelihood of dementia.
5. Chronic Health Conditions:
   • Conditions like diabetes, obesity, and stroke by age 60 were strongly tied to an elevated risk of cognitive decline.

Lifestyle Choices That May Reduce Risk

The study underscored the importance of proactive measures to protect brain health:

• Exercise Regularly: Staying physically active can support brain function.
• Engage in Hobbies: Mentally stimulating activities and social engagement help reduce cognitive decline.
• Limit Alcohol Consumption: Both excessive drinking and complete abstinence were associated with higher risks.
• Manage Chronic Conditions: Controlling diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular health is crucial.
• Adopt Healthy Habits: A balanced diet, adequate sleep, and stress management contribute to brain health.

Expert Insights

Kristine Yaffe, MD, a professor of psychiatry, neurology, and epidemiology at the University of California, San Francisco, emphasized the study’s practical implications.
“These findings show that promoting brain health should start early and span across the life course. Like cardiovascular health, brain health deserves attention at all ages,” Dr. Yaffe said.

Hope for High-Risk Groups

While genetics and aging are fixed factors, the study suggests that addressing socioeconomic disparities and improving access to healthcare could narrow the gap for high-risk populations.

“This is good news because it means interventions targeting disparities in education, income, and access to care could significantly reduce the burden of dementia,” said lead researcher Peter Hudomiet from the RAND Corporation.

Future Research Needed

While the findings reveal associations between lifestyle factors and dementia, they do not confirm that changing these habits prevents the disease. Researchers call for further studies to develop targeted interventions for diverse populations.

The Bigger Picture

With 6.9 million Americans currently living with dementia, according to the National Institutes of Health, the numbers are expected to double by 2060, according to the CDC. This study provides a roadmap for individuals and policymakers to focus on preventive measures, potentially reducing the growing impact of dementia on society.

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Millions of teenagers in Africa are suffering from asthma with no formal diagnosis as the continent undergoes rapid urbanisation, researchers have found.

The study, published in the Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, involved 27,000 pupils from urban areas in Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Ghana and Nigeria. It found more than 3,000 reported asthma symptoms, but only about 600 had a formal diagnosis.

Many of the children reported missing school or having their sleep disrupted by wheezing.

“If our data are generalisable, there are millions of adolescents with undiagnosed asthma symptoms in sub-Saharan Africa,” said Dr Gioia Mosler of Queen Mary University of London, the study’s research manager.

The team that led the study, whose research on the impact of pollution on lung health was instrumental in introducing the ultra low-emission zone (Ulez) in London, said there was an urgent need for medicines and diagnostic tests in the region.

Rates of asthma have increased in sub-Saharan Africa over the past few decades, a trend attributed to rapid urbanisation which exposes children to more risk factors such as air pollution. The climate crisis was also likely to have an impact, experts said.

The Achieving Control of Asthma in Children and Adolescents in Africa (Acacia) study recruited pupils aged between 12 and 14. Screening revealed that while 12% reported asthma symptoms, only 20% of that group had received a formal diagnosis of asthma.

Lung function tests suggested nearly half of undiagnosed participants with severe symptoms were “very likely” to have asthma.

Even among those who had received a formal diagnosis, about a third were not using any medicine to control their condition, according to the study.

Dr Rebecca Nantanda of Makerere University in Kampala, who led the research in Uganda, said: “Undiagnosed and poorly controlled asthma greatly impacts on the physical and psychosocial wellbeing of the affected children and their caregivers. The high burden of severe undiagnosed asthma revealed by the Acacia study requires urgent attention, including access to medicines and diagnostics.”

Prof Jonathan Grigg of Queen Mary University of London, said asthma was made worse by exposure to small particles of pollutants, with the impact of the climate crisis yet to become clear. “In some areas in sub-Saharan Africa, climate change is likely to result in increased exposure of these vulnerable children to dust and natural fires.

“On the other hand, climate change mitigation will, hopefully, reduce exposure to fossil fuel-derived particles in this region.

“The pharmaceutical industry has been hesitant to support asthma research and initiatives. For example, companies may feel that they cannot support research in countries where they do not intend to market their asthma product,” he said.

“Innovations such as handheld wheeze detectors and asthma clinics delivered at schools also have the potential to substantially reduce the burden of asthma.”

Source

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