Vietnamese Businesswoman Faces Death Penalty Over Record-Breaking Bank Fraud

Vietnamese Tycoon Fails in Death Row Appeal Over Historic Bank Fraud

Vietnamese real estate mogul Truong My Lan, 68, has lost her appeal against the death sentence for orchestrating the largest bank fraud in history. However, under Vietnamese law, she can avoid execution if she repays 75% of the stolen funds.

In April, a trial court found Truong guilty of secretly controlling Saigon Commercial Bank (SCB), Vietnam’s fifth-largest lender, and siphoning off funds through a complex web of shell companies. Over a decade, she misappropriated $44 billion (£34.5 billion), of which $27 billion was taken illegally, and $12 billion was embezzled — the crime that led to her death sentence.

A Rare Verdict

Truong’s death sentence is an unprecedented verdict, especially for a woman convicted of a white-collar crime in Vietnam. On Tuesday, her appeal was rejected, with the court stating there were no grounds to reduce her sentence. However, she can still petition the president for amnesty or avoid execution if she repays $9 billion — three-quarters of the embezzled amount.

Humble Beginnings to a Dramatic Fall

Born into a Sino-Vietnamese family in Ho Chi Minh City, Truong began her career selling cosmetics with her mother at a market stall. She later invested in land and property following Vietnam’s 1986 economic reforms, amassing a substantial portfolio of hotels and restaurants by the 1990s.

At the time of her arrest, she was chairwoman of Van Thinh Phat Group, a prominent real estate firm. Her conviction was part of the “Blazing Furnaces” anti-corruption campaign led by then-Communist Party Secretary-General Nguyen Phu Trong.

The trial also implicated 85 others, with four receiving life sentences and the rest — including Truong’s husband and niece — given prison terms ranging from 20 years to suspended sentences.

Financial Fallout

The State Bank of Vietnam had to inject billions of dollars to stabilize SCB and prevent a banking crisis. Prosecutors described Truong’s crimes as “unprecedented” and argued they warranted no leniency.

A Desperate Race

Truong’s lawyers claim she is working tirelessly to raise the $9 billion required to save her life. However, liquidating her assets has proven challenging. Her holdings include luxury properties in Ho Chi Minh City and shares in other businesses, but the process of selling them has been hindered by legal restrictions and market conditions.

More than 1,000 assets linked to the fraud have been frozen by authorities. Truong has also reached out to friends to secure loans. Her legal team argued that a life sentence would enable her to negotiate better deals for her assets, but the judges remained unmoved.

A Grim Reality

Truong faces immense pressure as time runs out. While Vietnam does not disclose execution statistics, human rights organizations estimate over 1,000 people are on death row, making it one of the world’s top executioners. Delays in carrying out sentences are common, but prisoners typically receive little notice before their execution.

If Truong can recover the $9 billion in time, her sentence will likely be commuted to life imprisonment, sparing her life in exchange for partial restitution of the stolen funds.

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