Norovirus cases are spiking across the United States this winter, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC reports 91 outbreaks of norovirus during the week of Dec. 5, a significant rise from the 69 outbreaks recorded at the end of November. This increase marks the highest number of outbreaks in recent years for this time of year.

Norovirus, a highly contagious stomach virus, typically leads to vomiting and diarrhea, and it tends to spread quickly in crowded places such as nursing homes, schools, cruise ships, and other communal settings. Here’s what you need to know about the virus and how to protect yourself.

What is Norovirus?

Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, responsible for 58% of all foodborne infections each year. It is caused by a group of viruses that spread easily, with just 10 viral particles enough to make someone sick.

• Annual Impact: Around 2,500 outbreaks of norovirus are reported each year in the U.S.
• Peak Season: While it can occur year-round, norovirus outbreaks are most common between November and April.

In addition to vomiting and diarrhea, common symptoms include nausea, stomach pain, body aches, headache, and fever.

How Does Norovirus Spread?

Norovirus is highly contagious and spreads in various ways:

• Direct Contact: Through close contact with infected individuals or shared items like food and utensils.
• Contaminated Surfaces: The virus can also spread through contaminated food, water, or surfaces.

Given its ability to spread quickly, it is important to be cautious, especially in settings where people gather closely together.

How Long Does the Illness Last?

The illness caused by norovirus usually develops 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus. Most people recover within 1 to 3 days, although symptoms may vary in intensity. Despite its short duration, norovirus remains a serious health concern, causing:

• 19 to 21 million illnesses each year in the U.S.
• 900 deaths annually, primarily among older adults (ages 65 and older).
• 109,000 hospitalizations annually, with young children being particularly vulnerable.
• 465,000 emergency department visits, mainly involving young children.

Who’s Most at Risk?

While anyone can contract norovirus, certain groups are at a higher risk:

• Young children and older adults.
• Those with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to complications, particularly dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.

There is no specific medication to treat norovirus. The primary treatment is rehydration—drinking fluids like water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions. Avoid beverages like coffee, tea, or alcohol, as they can worsen dehydration.

If dehydration symptoms occur—such as dry mouth, dizziness, or fewer urinations—seek medical attention promptly. For children, symptoms like unusual sleepiness, fussiness, or crying with few or no tears may indicate dehydration.

How Can You Protect Yourself?

The best defense against norovirus, especially during peak season, is good hygiene:

1. Handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water for 20 seconds before eating or preparing food.
2. Disinfecting Surfaces: Regularly clean surfaces with household disinfectants, especially in areas with high foot traffic, to reduce the spread of the virus.

Taking these precautions will help reduce your chances of getting sick and stop the virus from spreading to others.

Stay vigilant during the winter season, especially as norovirus cases rise, and take steps to protect yourself and others from this contagious stomach bug.

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As we get older, eating well becomes even more important to help us stay strong, healthy, and active. Eating the right foods can help you feel better, have more energy, and avoid many common health problems. Here are some easy tips for eating healthy as a senior.

1. Choose Healthy Foods

As we age, our bodies still need plenty of vitamins and minerals, but we don’t need as many calories. So, it’s important to eat foods that give us lots of nutrients without too many calories. Try to eat:

• Fruits and Vegetables: These are full of vitamins and fiber. Eat a variety, like leafy greens, berries, carrots, and tomatoes.
• Whole Grains: Foods like whole wheat bread, brown rice, and oats are good for your digestion.
• Lean Proteins: Foods like chicken, fish, beans, and tofu help keep muscles strong.

2. Drink Plenty of Water

Water is very important for your health, especially as we age. Sometimes, we don’t feel thirsty even when our body needs water. Try to drink water throughout the day. Other drinks like herbal teas and water-rich fruits, like watermelon, can also help keep you hydrated.

3. Take Care of Your Bones

As we age, our bones can become weaker, so it’s important to eat foods that help keep them strong. Calcium and Vitamin D are key for healthy bones. You can get calcium from:

• Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt
• Leafy greens like spinach and kale
• Fortified foods (some cereals and plant-based milk)

Vitamin D helps your body use calcium. You can get it from foods like fish, egg yolks, and fortified foods. Also, spending a little time in the sun can help your body make vitamin D.

4. Limit Junk Food

Foods like chips, sugary snacks, and fast food may taste good, but they can cause problems like weight gain and high blood pressure. Try to eat less of these foods and choose fresh, healthy options instead.

5. Eat the Right Portions

As we age, we need fewer calories, but the right portions are still important to stay healthy. Eating smaller meals and listening to your body’s hunger signals can help you avoid eating too much. If you’re still hungry after a meal, try a healthy snack like fruit or nuts.

6. Eat Healthy Fats

Not all fats are bad! Healthy fats are good for your heart and brain. You can find healthy fats in foods like:

• Olive oil
• Avocados
• Nuts and seeds

Try to avoid unhealthy fats, like those found in fried foods and processed snacks.

7. Eat Regular Meals

Skipping meals isn’t a good idea, because it can lead to overeating later or missing important nutrients. Try to eat three meals a day and healthy snacks if needed. Simple snacks like fruit or yogurt are a good choice.

8. Enjoy Meals with Others

Eating with family or friends can make mealtime more fun. It’s also a great way to stay motivated to eat healthy. Sharing meals with loved ones helps keep mealtime enjoyable.

9. Ask Your Doctor for Advice

Everyone’s body is different, and you might have special dietary needs. If you have health problems, like diabetes or heart disease, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor or a nutritionist. They can help you make the best food choices for your health.

Conclusion

Eating healthy as you get older doesn’t have to be hard. By choosing the right foods, drinking enough water, and taking care of your bones, you can feel stronger and healthier. Small changes in your diet can make a big difference in your well-being. Remember, eating well is a great way to enjoy your golden years!

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